• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The wind turbine (100) comprising a plurality of converters (101), which are dynamically switched between at least a first standby state (201), a second operating state (202) and a third state (203) with a active dc link. Converters are switched from the first standby state (201) to the third state (203) when a required reactive power is greater than a reactive power capacity of the converters (101) over the second operating state (202), and when a transient voltage regime occurs. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2618298A1
    申请号:ES201500915
    申请日:2015-12-18
    公开日:2017-06-21
    发明作者:Fernando VALDERREY SANCHEZ；Francisco JIMÉNEZ BUENDÍA；Jose Angel Allen Miguel
    申请人:Gamesa Innovation and Technology SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of the Invention
    The present invention relates to the renewable energy sector and, especially, to the industrial area dedicated to the provision of multi-converter wind turbines. Background of the invention -Related technique
    The topologies of the multi-converter wind turbines allow to dynamically switch a plurality of independent converters between the activated and deactivated states depending on the wind conditions and the reactive electric energy chosen as the target. For example, US 7,928,592 82 presents a topology of multiple converters with isolated output powers of parallel converter wires through windings of energy isolated in the turbine generator, suppressing the common mode circulation current between the converters and bypassing the need for a common mode injector. In another supplementary example, US 8,138,620 82 presents an alternative topology of multiple converters connected to an AC generator that monitors the characteristics of the AC generator and applies various switching patterns to the converters according to those characteristics.
    Dynamic switching strategies improve the annual energy production (AEP) of wind turbines. However, the current connection requirements of the electric power networks require that the wind power generation systems of the wind turbines provide reactive electric power with strict requirements in terms of quantity and time response. These requirements are often incompatible with dynamic switching strategies, in that when some converters are disconnected due to low wind speed conditions, the reactive energy requirements cannot be met. These problems affect both the normal operation of the wind turbine and the transient voltage regimes.
    During normal operation, the operators of the electricity grid require that the reactive energy obtain specific reference values of the reactive energy or voltage at the common coupling point of the wind power plant, in order to
    5 maximize the generation of reactive energy. Likewise, a rapid response is required in the event of a change in the demand for reactive energy. These requirements create a conflict with the turbine's standard dynamic switching operation as the number of active converters varies depending on the wind conditions. Consequently, conventional solutions force
    10 all converters are connected at all times, thereby losing the AEP advantages of dynamic switching.
    Transient voltage regimes include both voltage drops (voltage below the lower value of the normal operating range) and overvoltages 15 (voltage above the normal operating range). The codes of the electric power networks require that the wind turbines remain connected when there is a voltage drop or an overvoltage. In the course of these episodes, a reactive current proportional to the nominal current and instantaneous voltage must be injected. In the topologies of dynamic switching multiple converters, this issue becomes
    20 in a problem because some converters are disconnected in situations of low wind speeds, so that when a voltage drop occurs, the wind turbine is not able to meet the level of injection of active current required.
    Therefore, the need persists, in the state of the art, of a strategy of
    25 electric power for multi-converter wind turbines, capable of optimizing energy production while meeting the needs of electric power networks related to the response in quantity and time of reactive electric power. Summary of the invention
    The present invention solves the aforementioned problems by the disclosure of an electric power generation technique for multi-converter wind turbines in which an additional operating state is added to the activation and deactivation states of the dynamic switching algorithms. In this state
    In addition, the DC link is activated, allowing the necessary reactive energy to be injected.
    In a first aspect of the invention, an electric power generation system for multi-converter wind turbines is disclosed. Each converter comprises a first electronic power system between the generator and at least one capacitor, said capacitor determining the dc link voltage, and a second electronic power system between the at least one capacitor and the power grid. The first electronic power system and the second electronic power system preferably comprise attached inverter circuits of Bipolar Insulated Gate Transistor (IGBT) with anti-parallel diodes.
    The electric power generation system comprises control means configured to switch the plurality of converters between at least three states depending on the wind conditions and the requirements of the electric power network:
    - A first standby state, in which the converter is not injecting power to the power grid. The second electronic power system, that is, the inverter circuit on the side of the network, is connected to the network but is neither switching nor regulating, therefore, it is not functioning as a diode rectifier bridge. In this first waiting state, the capacitor is preferably charged from the diodes, that is, the passive element. In this state neither the IGBTs on the network side nor on the generator side are switching.
    A second operating state, in which both the first electronic electric power system and the second electronic electric power system are switching and regulating the electric power of the generator. If the converter is in the second operating state, both the IGBTs arranged on the side of the electric power network and on the side of the generator are switching in order to regulate the electric power of the generator with respect to the power grid. The reactive current is injected while still regulating the generator.
    - A third transient state (also called the dc link state) in which the dc link is activated in order to inject the necessary reactive energy and meet the requirements of response time and amount of the wind turbine. In this third transitory state the second electronic power system and, therefore, the IGBTs on the network side, are switching in order to regulate the capacitor voltage, while the first power system
    5 electric is not switching or regulating the capacitor voltage.
    Preferably, control means are configured to switch at least one converter from the first standby state to the third state with the active dc link when one of these conditions is verified:
    - A required reactive electric power is greater than the capacity of reactive electric power of the converters in the second state of operation and in the third state combined.
    15 -There is a temporary tension regime. Preferably, after the transient state of the voltage ends, the direct current link voltage chosen as the target of the converters in the third state is set at a value prior to the transient voltage regime.
    20 Preferably, transitions from the first waiting state to the third state are carried out by applying a ramp to a direct current link voltage to a direct current link voltage chosen as the target.
    Also preferably, the control means are configured to send individual references to each converter, the individual references being determined in order to avoid low frequency disturbances of electric power.
    In a second aspect of the present invention, a multi-converter wind turbine is disclosed, comprising a plurality of blades connected to a rotor, and a plurality of converters rotatably coupled to said rotor. The wind turbine further comprises an electric power generation system in accordance with any embodiment of the electric power system of the invention. That is, the wind turbine comprises control means configured to dynamically switch the plurality of converters between the first standby state, the second state of
    35 operation, and the third active dc link state.
    In a third aspect of the present invention, a control method of an electric power generation system of a multi-converter wind turbine is disclosed. The method comprises the dynamic switching of a plurality of converters between a first standby state, a second operating state and a third active dc state. Preferably, the method further comprises one or more of the following steps:
    - The switching of all converters from the first state on hold to the third state, when a transient voltage regime occurs.
    - The switching of at least one converter from the first standby state to the third state, when a required reactive electric power is greater than a capacity of reactive electric power of the converters in the second operating state and in the third state combined.
    - When switching from the first standby state to the third state, apply a ramp to a DC link voltage to a DC link voltage chosen as the target.
    While the first standby state occurs, disconnect the electronic power system and charge the direct current link by means of anti-parallel diodes.
    - Preferably, receive individual reactive electrical energy references from the wind turbine control means in order to achieve a global reactive energy reference.
    Finally, in a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer program that implements the method of the invention is disclosed, thereby controlling the multi-converter wind turbine of the invention. The computer program comprises computer program code means adapted to carry out any embodiment of the method of the invention when executed in a computer, a digital signal processor, an array of programmable doors on the field, an integrated circuit application specific, a microprocessor, a
    microcontroller or any other form of programmable hardware.
    Note that any preferred option and any specific embodiment of the system and the wind turbine of the invention can be applied to the process and to the computer program of the invention. Likewise, any preferred option and specific embodiment of the process and the computer program of the invention can be applied to the system and the wind turbine of the invention.
    With the electric power generation system, the wind turbine, the control procedure and the computer program, the demands of the electric power network are fulfilled in terms of the amount of reactive electric power and response time, boosting it time to the maximum the advantages of the dynamic switching AEP. Likewise, the low frequency disturbances of electrical energy are minimized by means of the dynamic management of each reference of reactive electrical energy of the converters by the control means. These and other advantages will be apparent in light of the detailed description of the invention. Brief description of the drawings
    In order to contribute to the understanding of the features of the invention, in accordance with a preferred practical embodiment thereof and in order to complement the present description, the following figures are attached as an integral part thereof, with illustrative and non-limiting nature:
    Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the multi-converter wind turbine of the invention, in accordance with a specific embodiment thereof, as well as the electrical power network connected to said turbine.
    Figure 2 exemplifies a specific embodiment of the electronic components of the multi-converter wind turbine of the invention.
    Figure 3 offers schematic representations of the operating states of each wind turbine converter according to a specific embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 4 shows a flow chart of a specific embodiment of the link voltage control mechanism of the direct current of the invention.
    Figures 5 and 6 illustrate state transitions caused by voltage failures in accordance with specific embodiments of the process of the invention. Detailed description of the invention
    The issues defined in this detailed description are offered to contribute to the full understanding of the invention. Accordingly, those skilled in the art will caution that variable changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Likewise, for reasons of clarity and conciseness, the description of functions and elements well known is omitted.
    Note that in this text, the term "comprises" and its derivatives (for example, "comprising", etc.) should not be construed in an exclusive sense, that is, these terms should not be construed as excluding the possibility that what is described and defined may include additional elements, stages, etc.
    Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a multi-converter wind turbine (100) comprising a preferred embodiment of the electric power generation system of the invention, and implementing an embodiment of the process of the invention. In particular, the wind turbine (100) comprises a plurality of converters (101) controlled by control means (102). The reactive electrical energy supplied by the plurality of converters is combined into an output power (103) that feeds an electrical power network (104).
    Figure 2 depicts in greater detail the components of a preferred embodiment of the multi-converter wind turbine (100). In particular, each converter (101) comprises a first electronic electric power system (105) between the generator (106) and a capacitor (107); And the second electronic electric power system (108) between the capacitor (107) and the electric power grid (104). The first electronic power system (105) and the second electronic power system (108) comprise IGBT inverters in an attached configuration. The multi-converter wind turbine (100) further comprises inductances (109) both on the side of the generator and on the side of the power grid of the converters (101), as well as a transformer (110) for connecting the converters ( 101) And the electric power grid (104).
    Figure 3 presents a schematic diagram of the states of each converter
    (101) of the transitions between these states. Specifically, each converter (101) of the wind turbine (100) can be switched dynamically and individually between the different states, depending on the wind conditions and the requirements of the electric power grid:
    - A first standby state (201), also called READY state (201) in this text for reasons of clarity. While in the READY state, the electronic power system remains disconnected and the anti-parallel diodes are configured to charge the DC link to a value of Vfx-J2; where Vf is the voltage phase.
    - A second operating state (202), also called the RUN state
    (202) in this text for reasons of clarity.
    - A third state (203) with an active cc link, also called the DCLlNKON state (203) in this text for reasons of clarity. When a converter
    (101) changes to the DCLlNKON state (203) of the READY state (201), the controlled voltage of the DC link is increased to the operating point with a predefined ramp.
    The wind turbine electric power generation system (100) has two main stages, namely the computation of the number of active converters required
    (101) And the sending of the DC link voltage information to the control means (102). In the first stage, the number of required active converters (101) can be carried out periodically or as a result of a change in wind conditions or the requirements of the electric power grid. Accordingly, the control means (102) determine a number of converters chosen as the target (101) in the RUN state (202) and in the DCLlNKON state (203) as a function of the current number of converters (101) in the state RUN (202) and the reactive electrical energy demanded.
    In specific embodiments, the computation of the required activated converters (101) can use a predefined hysteresis. The hysteresis consists in the activation (that is, the order to send from the STEADY state to the DCLlNKON state) a new converter when the reference of the global reactive electrical energy reaches a first predefined percentage of the addition of the capacity of the converters in RUN or DCLlNKON modes (for example, adding the capacity of all converters subtracted by 15% of the capacity of a converter). Likewise, a converter in the DCLlNKON mode is deactivated if the global reactive power reference reaches a second predefined percentage of the addition of the capacity of the converters in the RUN or DCLlNKON mode (for example, the addition of the capacity of all converters subtracted by 40% of the capacity of a converter).
    The percentage of capacity that determines the number of converters (101) in the RUN (202) and DCLlNKON (203) states is preferably modified using a random number in order to prevent the switching operation of the converter (101 ) does not occur simultaneously in a plant with several multi-converter wind turbines (101) And then the effects of the transient regimes on the production of reactive electric power of the wind power plant are added. This correction is for example a random value between 0% and 5%.
    In the second stage, the reactive energy chosen as the target for each converter
    (101) it is calculated by the control means (102) based on the status of each converter
    (101) And the total reactive energy demanded. Said reactive energy chosen as the target is progressively achieved by means of a predefined ramp. Figure 4 presents a more detailed flow chart of the steps followed by a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention in order to share the direct current link voltage between the converters when a change occurs between states.
    i. The procedure begins (301) using as input the effective value or the reference of the reactive electric energy with respect to the converters (101) and the demand for global reactive electric energy with respect to the wind turbine.
    ii. The reactive electrical energy of the converters (101) which are defined to be switched from the RUN state (202) and from the DCLlNKON state (203) to the READY state (201) are calculated (302) and put into zero voltage progressively with a predefined ramp (303). For this purpose of tensioning, the effective value or the reference of reactive electrical energy with respect to the converters is used.
    iii. A loop (304) is started by calculating the reactive electrical energies chosen as the target of the converters (101) in the RUN state (202) and in the DCLlNKON state (203) the reference is calculated as the subtraction of the demand of the electric energy global reactive with respect to the wind turbine by the reference of the reactive electric energy with respect to the converters that have been put in zero function (from 1) And by adding the references of the reactive electric energy with respect to the converters already defined Note that the value of the converters already defined starts at zero and is updated in step v. This result is divided by the number of converters that have not yet been referenced in this loop. Note that this value is also updated in step v, but when the process begins it is defined as the number of converters in the RUN state and in the DCLlNK state. This result is the reactive electrical energy chosen as the objective of a converter.
    iv. The converter (101) is selected with the widest difference between the current reactive electrical energy and the reactive electrical energy chosen as the target (305).
    v. The reactive electric energy chosen as the target is sent (306) to the converter
    (101) chosen in stage iv once limited by the maximum and minimum values and the maximum positive and negative ramp.
    saw. The procedure verifies (307) whether the current reactive electrical energies of all converters (101) in the RUN state (202) and in the DCLlNKON state (203) have been set to match their reactive electrical energy chosen as the target. If all have been fixed, the procedure ends (308), otherwise, steps iii to vi are repeated.
    Figure 5 shows the evolution of the state of the system and the process of generating electric power of the wind turbine (100) when the converter is in the READY state (201) and a voltage failure message (401) is received. Before it
    receive the voltage failure (401), no switching is performed and the dc link is loaded, as defined by the READY state (201). After the voltage failure message (401) is received, the converter is switched to the DCLlNKON state (203), causing the inverter of the electric current network to start switching e
    5 inject the reactive current (402). When a voltage failure end message (403) is received, the converter is switched back to the READY state (201)
    Likewise, Figure 6 shows the evolution of the state of the system and the process of generating the wind turbine (100) when the converter 10 is in the RUN state (202) and a voltage failure message is received ( 401). Before the voltage failure message (401) is received, the inverters of both the power grid side and the generator side are switching, as defined by the RUN state (203). After the voltage failure message (401) is received, the converter is switched to the DCLlNKON state (203) causing a voltage drop that
    15 adapts the injection of the active / reactive current (404). When a voltage failure termination message is received, the converter is switched back to the RUN state (202).
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1.-Electric power generation system comprising control means (102) configured to manage a plurality of converters (101) of a wind turbine 5 (100), each of the plurality of converters (101) also comprising first electronic power systems (105) between a generator (106) and a capacitor (107) and a few second electronic power systems (108) between the capacitor (107) and an electric power network (104), characterized in that the control means (102) are configured to switch the plurality of converters (101) between
    10 at least:
    - a first standby state (201) without any injection of reactive electric energy into the electric power network (104); -a second operating state (202) in which the injection of
    15 electrical energy reactive to the electric power network (104) by a switching of the first electronic electric power system (105) and of the second electronic electric power system (108); -A third state (203) in which the injection of reactive electric energy to the electric power network (104) is regulated by switching the second
    20 electronic power system (108):
    [2]
    2. Electric power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control means (102) are further configured to switch the plurality of converters (101) from the first standby state (201) to the third state (203 )
    25 by applying a ramp to a current DC link voltage to a DC link voltage chosen as the target.
    [3]
    3. Electric power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control means (102) are further configured to switch at least one converter of the plurality of converters (101) of the first standby state
    (201) to the third state (203) when a required reactive electric power is greater than a capacity of reactive electric power of the converters (101) in the second operating state (202) and in the third state (203).
    4. Electric power generation system according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control means (102) are further configured to switch at least one converter of the plurality of converters (101) of the first state on hold (201) to the third state (203) when a transient voltage regime occurs.
    [5]
    5. Electric power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that the control means (102) are also configured for when the transient voltage regime occurs, set the DC link voltage chosen as the target of the converters (101) in the third state (203) at a value prior to the transient voltage regime.
    [6]
    6. Electric power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plurality of converters (101) is configured to dynamically send reactive electrical energy information to the control means (102).
    [7]
    7. Electric power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the converters (101) in the first standby state (201) are configured to load a direct current link through the first system Electric power electronic.
    [8]
    8.-Procedure for controlling the generation of electric power of a wind turbine (100) comprising a plurality of converters (101), each of the plurality of converters (101) also comprising a first electronic electric power system (105) between a generator (106) and a capacitor (107) AND a second electronic electric power system (108) between the capacitor (107) and an electric power network (104), characterized in that the method comprises the dynamic switching of a plurality of converters (101) enter at least:
    - a first standby state (201) without injection of reactive electrical energy towards
    the electricity network (104);
    - a second operating state (202) in which the injection of
    reactive electrical energy to the electrical energy network (104) by means of a
    switching of the first electronic power system (105) and the second
    electronic power system (108); Y
    - a third state (203) in which the injection of reactive electrical energy towards the
    Electric power network (104) is regulated by the switching of the second electronic power system (108).
    [9]
    9. Method according to claim 8, further comprising switching the plurality of converters (102) from the first standby state (201) to the third state (203) by applying a ramp to a link voltage of DC current at a DC link voltage chosen as the target.
    [10]
    10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, further comprising switching at least one converter from the plurality of converters (101) from the first standby state (201) to the third state (203) when a reactive electrical energy required is greater than a reactive electric power capacity of the converters
    (101) on the second operating state (202) and on the third state (203).
    [11 ]
    11. Method according to any of claims 8 to 10, further comprising switching at least one converter from the plurality of converters (101) from the first standby state (201) to the third state (203) when it occurs a transitional tension regime.
    [12]
    12. Method according to any of claims 8 to 11, further comprising dynamically sending the information of the reactive electric energy from the plurality of converters (101) to the centralized control means (102) .
    [13]
    13. Method according to any of claims 8 to 12, further comprising, when a converter (101) is in the first standby state (201), to load a direct current link through the first electronic power system electric
    [14]
    14. Wind turbine of multiple converters (100) comprising a plurality of blades connected to a rotor and a plurality of converters (101) rotatably coupled to said rotor, characterized in that the wind turbine (100) further comprises a system of Electric power generation according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
    [15]
    15. A computer program comprising a computer program code means adapted to execute the steps of the method according to any of claims 8 to 13 when said program is executed in a computer, a digital signal processor, a field matrix programmable door, an application-specific integrated circuit, a microprocessor, a microcontroller or any other form of programmable hardware.
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    .-4
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    OR
    .-4
    •
    -
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     FIG. 3 
    30S
     FIG. 4 
    201 203
    403 201
     FIG. 5
    202
    401 203
    403 202
    FIG. 6
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
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